Calculating Pollution Indices by Heavy Metals in Ecological Geochemistry Assessment and a Case Study in Parks of Beijing   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

龚庆杰  邓军  向运川  王庆飞  杨立强 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2008,19(3)

Pollution index is a powerful tool for ecological geochemistry assessment. The commonly used pollution indices by heavy metals in soils and sediments were classified as two types of single index and integrated index in an algorithm point of view. Four single indices of contamination factor (or concentration factor), ecological risk factor, enrichment factor, and index of geo-accumulation were illustrated, and the reference values for calculating single indices were distinguished into background levels and threshold pollution values. Eight integrated indices were divided into two groups. One group is suitable for the normal distribution single indices including the sum, average, weighted average,vector modulus, and Nemerow pollution indices, and the other for log-normal distribution including the product, root of product, and weighted power product pollution indices. Using background levels as reference values, five contamination classes were divided, and the terminologies are suggested for the single and integrated indices to unify the assessment results. Software of EGAPI was developed in a single document interface to calculate the four single and eight integrated indices by heavy metals to assess the quality of soil and sediment ecological geochemistry. Pollution indices by heavy metals of Cu,Pb, and Zn in soils in parks of Beijing were calculated using EGAPI software, and these five contamination classes and terminologies suggested in this study were evaluated and used. Results ofintegrated indices of Cu, Pb, and Zn in soils indicated that the soil qualities are unpolluted as a whole and varied from low polluted to unpolluted status from the center to the outskirts of Beijing City.  相似文献   

Accuracy assessment of lidar-derived digital elevation models   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Fernando J.  Aguilar  Jon. P.  Mills 《The Photogrammetric Record》2008,23(122):148-169

Despite the relatively high cost of airborne lidar-derived digital elevation models (DEMs), such products are usually presented without a satisfactory associated estimate of accuracy. For the most part, DEM accuracy estimates are typically provided by comparing lidar heights against a finite sample of check point coordinates from an independent source of higher accuracy, supposing a normal distribution of the derived height differences or errors. This paper proposes a new methodology to assess the vertical accuracy of lidar DEMs using confidence intervals constructed from a finite sample of errors computed at check points. A non-parametric approach has been tested where no particular error distribution is assumed, making the proposed methodology especially applicable to non-normal error distributions of the type usually found in DEMs derived from lidar. The performance of the proposed model was experimentally validated using Monte Carlo simulation on 18 vertical error data-sets. Fifteen of these data-sets were computed from original lidar data provided by the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Working Group III/3, using their respective filtered reference data as ground truth. The three remaining data-sets were provided by the Natural Environment Research Council's Airborne Research and Survey Facility lidar system, together with check points acquired using high precision kinematic GPS. The results proved promising, the proposed models reproducing the statistical behaviour of vertical errors of lidar using a favourable number of check points, even in the cases of data-sets with non-normally distributed residuals. This research can therefore be considered as a potentially important step towards improving the quality control of lidar-derived DEMs.  相似文献   

基于高分辨率遥感数据的城市居住单元交通环境质量评价——以厦门市为例     

陈志浩 《国土资源遥感》2008,19(4):53-57

居住单元是与人们生活密切相关的社区范围,其交通环境的优劣是衡量居住单元环境好坏的重要标准之一。高分辨遥感影像 的高空间分辨率特点为我们提供了研究居住单元交通环境的可能性。本文从区域交通环境、路网可达性出发,对城市居住单元交通 环境质量的遥感评价方法进行了研究,根据高分辨率遥感影像的特点构建了居住单元交通环境的多级指标评价体系,并对厦门市的 50个居住单元进行了评价分析。实验表明,利用高分辨率影像进行城市交通环境质量评价是一种成本较低,简便可行的方法。  相似文献   

基于GIS的天水市滑坡危险性评价          下载免费PDF全文

白晓华  马金辉  冯乐涛  韩庆宪 《甘肃地质》2008,(4):72-75

本文通过统计学方法提取可能影响该地区滑坡的因子。并依据二元逻辑回归结果．利用GIS空间分析和建模功能,对研究区滑坡进行建模,再由相关性等级分析方法进一步获取相关影响因子对滑坡的影响范围,最终得出该区域滑坡危险性评价图。而在不同分辨率尺度上,对滑坡产生影响的因子有所相同,当分辨率由1000m-60m时,影响因子明显增多。以逻辑回归模型自身精度、滑坡实际发生比和坡度法为模型判定标准,发现120m分辨率下的滑坡发生概率模型能有效表达研究区滑坡发生状况。  相似文献   

山区房后边坡安全评价的探讨——以安溪县为例     

卓万生 《地质灾害与环境保护》2008,19(2):52-56

由于地质灾害的突发性和引发因素的复杂性,在及时和有效地掌握潜在隐患部位上还亟待进一步探索与细化,力求防灾抗灾工作有的放矢,以确保人民群众的生命财产损失降到最低限度。本文就基于山区的基本特征和房后边坡潜在地质安全隐患基本信息调查,简要分析房后边坡孕灾致灾环境,并针对它们的影响程度,采取层次分析（AHP）等方法来确定安全评价因子权重和安全系数,对构造安全评价结构作进一步研究。  相似文献   

基于层次分析法的可拓学理论在山区公路泥石流危险性评价中的应用     

罗冠枝  徐林荣 《地质灾害与环境保护》2008,19(4):128-133

基于可拓工程方法,在物元模型理论的基础上建立了公路泥石流危险性评价的物元模型,并采用层次分析法计算物元模型中各评价指标的权系数。通过实际公路泥石流危险性等级的关联度计算,对四川地区雅泸高速公路的5条泥石流沟进行了评价,得出与实际相符合的结论。并与其他评价方法相比表明：该方法不仅可以应用在泥石流危险性评价上,而且所得的结果会更加合理,具有较好的适用性。  相似文献   

区域矿产评价模型——以赤峰红花沟金矿为例   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

娄德波  肖克炎  孙艳  雷万杉  王淼  丁建华  范华军 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2008,38(4)

在矿床模型综合地质信息预测方法中,区域矿产评价模型包括远景区圈定要素组合、远景区优选要素组合、矿床数估计要素组合和资源量估算要素组合,它们成功地解决了矿产预测中的信息不对称以及知识驱动和数据驱动相结合的问题.通过对赤峰燕山期红花沟式岩浆热液型金矿资源的定位、定量预测,共圈定远景区11个,其中A类远景区4个,B类远景区3个,C类远景区4个;预测潜在矿床数8个,潜在资源量306.532 t.本区该类型金矿资源潜力巨大,具有很好的找矿远景.  相似文献   

中国海相探矿权区块定量评价方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

谢锦龙  徐祖成  丁成豪  王晓星  沈伟刚 《海相油气地质》2008,13(1):55-62

在研究了我国海相油气探矿权区块基本油气地质条件、勘探程度、技术经济条件等要素和特点的基础上,给出了48个评价参数和归一化取值参照表,建立了探矿权区块评价工作流程、评分参数及计算公式。提出对我国海相勘探层探矿权区块评价应该注意:与国外海相碳酸盐岩评价的差别;与国内陆相碎屑岩评价的差别;成藏组合的划分;评价内容的有效性、不确定性和评价参数的可信度;成败经验的总结和勘探程度的研究。  相似文献   

基于城市地质质量研究     

徐连利 《中国煤炭地质》2008,(7):19-22

将安全、和谐、环境、经济和是否占有资源等指标作为评价城市地质质量的5个因子,并以河南省郑州、平顶山、焦作、鹤壁四个主要城市为例,在调查分析了城市存在的自然地质因素（地质构造、岩土）和人为活动影响次生因素等主要问题基础上,建立起自然地质因素、人为次生因素等与5个评价因子之间的逻辑联系;根据地质因素对城市因子的影响程度的轻重,进行专家赋值判别运算,采用层次分析法（AHP））进行权重分析,对四个城市的城市地质质量进行了评估。结果认为Z-Ⅰ、Z-Ⅱ、J-Ⅱ、H-Ⅰ、H-Ⅱ、P—Ⅱ、P—Ⅲ、H—Ⅲ等区良好以上,适宜城市可持续发展;P—Ⅰ、H-Ⅳ等区质量不高,存在问题较多,应在城市建设发展中引起注意。同时指出城市地质是城市发展中的一个重要的基本因素,城市的建设、可持续发展方案的制定需要关注城市地质质量、依赖城市地质。  相似文献   

新疆天山公路沿线地质灾害危险性评价     

刘昌容  何政伟  黄爽兵 《四川地质学报》2008,28(1):44-47

新疆天山公路（国道217线）是连接南、北疆的一条重要交通干线。通过调查研究沿线的地质条件,采用多元线性回归分析方法,选取地层岩性、地面坡度、相对高差、构造密度、多年平均降雨量、冻融作用、地震强度、植被覆盖率、开挖深度、灾害的分布密度和规模大小等11个评价因子,建立了地质灾害危险性级别的评价模型,得出了公路沿线的危险性级别图。  相似文献